Battery discharge
1 and discharge termination voltage battery unfavorable discharge below: the reservation, otherwise will result in the termination voltage, and have had repeatedly discharge will lead to discharge capacity to restore, for the best work efficiency and the longest life-span, discharge in 0.05 – between 3C,
2 and discharge capacity:
1) discharge capacity and discharge current relationship: 1 for FM, GFM series batteries, JMF in different discharge rate under the condition of capacity, you can see from the graph, discharge rate, the capacity of the battery can release the smaller.
2) temperature effect: the battery capacity, the influence of the temperature is too low temperature (15 degrees below – 5 degrees f) can reduce effectively capacity, high temperature (more than 50 ° c / 122 degrees f) will cause thermal runaway and damage to cells (figure 2).
Third, FM, GFM series products, JMF charging method
1, float filling (limit voltage, current) use: float to control charging pressure 225 V ~ at 2.30 V/monomer, maximum current not more than 0.25 C10, battery charging flow to float 2mA less than 25 degrees Celsius (AH /) (see chart 3).
2 and recycling, namely stop charging (that) : after charging electric charge voltage 2.4 V/monomer, maximum charge current not more than 0.25 C10 (see figure 4).
3, temperature compensation: chemical reaction with the temperature increasing speed, lower temperature and slow. In the 5-35 degrees Celsius battery within the scope of work, the need for recharging voltage compensation, when the temperature is below 5 degrees or above 35 ° c, in order to prevent the battery overcharge or owe proposal for recharging voltage filling appropriate adjustments, adjust the standards for discharge 3mv – cell ° c / /, recycling for – 4mv/c/cell (temperature to 25 degrees Celsius), please refer to FIG. 5.
4 and charging time: to spare, when batteries, battery charged to the time needed for not less than 24 hours, generally, In terms of circulation, if you know the battery power and put the initial charging electric current, can according to the following formula for calculating the environment of 25 degrees Celsius to recharge time.
A. when discharge current is greater than 0.25 C
Cdis
Tch = I + 3 ~ 5
B. when discharge current than 0.25 C
Cdis
Tch = I + 6 ~ 10
Note: Tch = batteries electricity needed time (hours),
Cdis = battery last discharge power (Ann)
I = maximum initial charge current (amps)
Four, the life of the battery
1, the influence factors of the battery life,
Repeat the shallow depth discharge (especially after charging the deep discharge)
Outside temperature is too high
Charging (especially Juan streaming charge)
Excessive charging electric current
When the battery charging good long-term shelved (especially in the high temperature environment),
2 and circulation service life:
When the battery charging and discharging recycling for a cycle, battery life cycle times) and battery (cycle, the depth of the discharge battery charging method and the surrounding environment is closely related to the (see FIG. 6).
3, float filling longevity:
Battery charging mainly by the float life, discharging voltage, the influence of the temperature of the surrounding life also affect product, figure 7 for FM, GFM series, the figure 8 JMF series model for battery life and environment of the floating filling the relationship between temperature curve.
Five, the capacity
1, self-discharge:
1) if the battery charge after long-term storage capacity, and will gradually decrease, such phenomena as discharge, and this phenomenon is called self-discharge is inevitable. Even if battery unused, also for battery chemistry and electrochemical reactions since internal caused by itself, now will discharge the lead-acid battery burke of discharge points as follows:
Chemical factors: whether Yang (PbO2) or (Pb), all of the activation by decomposition reaction (or gradually and electrolyte), and transformed into a stable lead sulfate, this process is also to discharge.
The electrochemical factors: due to the existence of pure substance is formed within the battery will occur with local circuit or poles caused REDOX reaction to discharge.
Burke battery electrolyte with impurity content is extremely low, so is the very small, self-discharge battery super keep characteristics. Its properities characteristics as shown in figure 9.
2) battery self-discharge rate and storage temperature also has the close relation, please refer to FIG. 10.
2 and open through the battery voltage can judge the residual capacity of the battery, the figure 11 for residual capacity and open the relationship between voltage graph:
The storage battery
Low temperature storage battery should be clean, dry, the environment, heat, avoid direct sunlight. Adequate storage battery power. And next month at 3 ~ 6 months on a battery.
Battery charging and discharging immediately after the battery in the discharge shall be suspended for,
Don’t need to use the battery should be suspended for a period of time after repeated charging, until capacity restored to the original level,
Only when the capacity to or below the rating capacity of 40 % (open-circuit voltage is below 25 degrees Celsius (V/V) 12.63 6.3, to make the capacity balance charging resumed,
Low temperature storage battery can more long time, such as the battery is stored in 15 ° c, the light is wet and, in irradiation essential supplement before, can keep more than 12 months.

To use the phone’s battery limit in the refrigerator, freezing time and again continue to use, battery time than freezing to long! “This is the latest rumours in hangzhou, the old cells repairing mobile shortcuts.
It effective? Many people have this question after that.
The mobile phone battery extend frozen standby time
In order to verify this statement, journalists would be a T628 SONY’s original battery as subjects. This phone is bought in April 2005, the electricity
Pool, have been used for years.
The main ShaoXianSheng said, under the condition of normal use mobile phones, the standby time about maintaining in 24 hours. If the number of calls, the duration of the battery will be less. If the average time for the phone or make calls for 3 minutes, 10 times, power line.
Before the test, turn off your cell phone battery, in full to boot. Thereafter, the mobile phone calls and call any telephone, also do not send text messages. In the absence of any interference of the state, mobile phones, quiet nearly 3 days on standby.
Then enter the experimental stage: the whole equipment good battery into the refrigerator frozen (according to the popular saying, in order to prevent the battery moist, need to use mobile phones wrapped tightly wrap will try to apply during make-up, package, inside of three layers, ensure to battery in vacuum condition. And then, in the film, the bread three layers of newspaper under-voltage completely sealed battery). After 48 hours, remove battery, remove the outer package film, six paper battery for freezing and surface without inflation or distortion.
Cooling after period of time, the mobile phone battery into full and boot. Likewise, the situation would be turned off by the original phone, screen to less power. After a week, mobile phone screen surplus power. At the ninth day, because of a mobile phone to power is not enough. “Frozen therapy” test before and after the performance, for the first time, frozen battery can extend the time of electricity phone.
Cell phone battery is not the “frozen” immortal.”
Freezing method is really an elixir of immortality “battery”? “The internal temperature can make handset battery electrolyte changes, promote just after frozen battery produces chemical reaction.” Zhejiang university’s department of physics professor gao, said.
Foliaceous professor introduction, the use of mobile phone battery charging and discharging process is actually a process. During this period, the battery YinDian within each YangDian lotus lotus and pay. Batteries are increasingly using, because in the normal temperature, the internal energy, thus more active, battery leakage conditions relative frequent. But will a battery into cryogenic environment, the surface of lithium battery electrolyte of lithium membrane and microcosmic structure and their interface will change greatly, causing internal not active, battery leakage current. Therefore, the mobile phone’s battery again after time increases with electricity.
Currently, the handset battery commonly chosen lithium batteries, theoretically, a number of rechargeable lithium battery of about 6000 times. If the battery number of molecules, its internal heat games molecules microstructure was gradually destroy, storage charge efficiency will gradually decrease. “Frozen process to the internal structure of original battery, inside short time may increase in charge of filling ability, but not effective long-term use.” Foliaceous professor says, the microstructure inside cells are destroyed, once again to fully recover is impossible, long-term use this method will accelerate cell phone battery depletion
Mobile phone battery not easily
Mobile phone battery repair methods and multiple versions. Such a claim, use an eraser with mobile phone battery wipe the metal surface contact, can let the use situation of the cell phone battery is good.
This means that the industry was repaired. “In fact, whether the eraser tool or other material, if can remove clean metal fittings, conduce to rust charging status and lasting power.” Responsible for mobile phone store a maintenance technicians.
Hangzhou unicom mobile phone service center, said Mr Face to repair the handset battery, most of the time by way of depth discharge. “Generally, cell phone batteries with shorter time, electricity and not by use of the battery, because memory effects.” Namely, mobile phone during the process, the battery charge will not release the accumulative part of power. Over time, cannot exert efficiency increase power proportion will become larger and larger, this is the so-called memory effects. From a battery, memory effects, the power o space effectively.
Depth of mobile phone is through the discharge inside out, to achieve deeper level power, this needs recharging the adopted some unconventional method. He cited a example, with particular device that connects with a low voltage mobile small bulbs, battery power will transfer to the internal small bulbs, until all light. “Mobile phone needs through the lower voltage slowly deplete power. Under normal circumstances, mobile phone after connect below 3.6 volts rated voltage will be turned off.” Put through power after the handset battery recharging can be used longer.
The personage inside course of study says, at the price of mobile phone battery is too high, and arduous than buying a repair cells, new battery is more convenient. In addition, form good habits, and prolong battery life of a shortcut.

Teach you correct rechargeable batteries) series of nickel (a: avoid overcharge
In charge, the most important yes make batteries and however. In the use of quick charger, choose a quality cont-rol, can precisely control the charger is key to recharge current. But the constant-current charger (slow filling) no control circuit, we need to recharge the battery capacity and different, according to the current “charge time = 150 C/charging current” formula calculates, avoid excessive rechargeable battery cause damage to the battery. For example, battery capacity for 1000mAh, charger, just 130mA for charging current charge for 1.5 * 1000/130 = 11.5 (h
Teach you correct rechargeable batteries) series of nickel (2: in pairs
In use rechargeable batteries, suggest you had better be with the brand, with a capacity of the battery, with annual awards for the same kind of equipment, and put them together in charge. Had better not mix of different brands and the capacity of the battery. This is mostly out on the market cost and volume of the charger, not on a single battery charging and independent control of independence, but two batteries series after the same group of charging and access control circuit. This series of two batteries charging electric current and charging time are the same, if the two different series, or batteries battery capacity in the soc have differences, including capacity smaller or more battery remaining power must first full of electricity. Such batteries due to another team has filled, charger will continue to batteries, which inevitably leads to the full power battery overcharge, heat, thereby, serious damage to the battery or explosion. (this view of the charger for now, seemed a bit outdated. Brand charger all support a single charge – I know there is tasted, super
Teach you correct rechargeable batteries) series of nickel (3: reduce memory effects
Chromium and nickel nimh batteries memory effects cannot be ignored, battery capacity with the increase of number of charge. Especially when they used in the DC power larger or camera, when batteries and partner of residual electric power output, already cannot satisfy the requirement of residual electric equipment. Accumulate, will increase battery memory effects.
To reduce battery memory effects, the easiest way is to discharge of rechargeable batteries. For battery discharge also have certain skills. First, absolutely cannot use short circuit batteries are negative or with large current method of discharge NaDianZu rechargeable batteries. Because, when will produce very big short-circuit current which may cause damage to the battery, the battery electrodes. At the same time, large discharge current also can produce a lot of heat, may damage the batteries battery into electricity. The proposal will be smaller devices in nature, such as MP3 or discharge radio. When the equipment used to boot, or when discharge is almost. This is not excessive discharge, also avoid anti-shocking damage.
Teach you correct rechargeable batteries) series of nickel (4: about self-discharge
For rechargeable batteries, especially large capacity rechargeable batteries, self-discharge phenomenon is very serious. Battery in power after the circumstances, without loss of power will naturally. Now some of the large capacity battery 2000mAh above, be full of power, the capacity of 3 days, placed in nominal capacity is half done. Due to the great now self-discharge battery materials and structure of the direct relationship, there is no way to reduce its properities coefficient, so we can only by changing used to solve this problem
Teach you correct charge (5) series of nickel battery charger, fast and slow charger
According to the speed of rechargeable battery charger, can be divided into slow chargers and quick charger. Slow chargers and quick charger and no obvious limits, but and use rechargeable battery chargers and the volume.
Whether or 1600mAh, 1200mAh battery is defined as the capacity are in charge, and Australia is less than 0.1 C charging electric current, Juan flow for charging. Rechargeable batteries for 0.1 to 0.2 C, charging for slow than 0.2. Charge current than 0.8 C C for rapid charging, while charging current more than 0.8 C for super-fast charging. 200mA namely, for the current 800mAh battery, the battery for 0.25 C, for the current rapid charging, for 1600mAh of rechargeable batteries, and its current for 0.125 C, just for slow. (I also saw charging here know how long the definition, filling knowledge!)
Teach you correct rechargeable batteries) series of nickel (6: slow and fast filling their respective advantages and disadvantages
A slow charger
Advantage: the charging current smaller, less heat charging process. Even a short time, the battery charging calorific value is not too large for battery capacity and life, less damage.
Faults: most no corresponding control circuit, cut off power supply, battery charger only will not end charging. Recharge time is too long, can test your patience.
Second, quick charger
Advantages: charging speed.
Faults: in order to avoid rapid charging the battery, the damage of heat at fast automatic charger using various methods to reduce the temperature when charging battery. The most commonly used method is cosine. This method of current like cosine wave variable dissolve the accumulation of heat, so the battery temperature control in a certain range. In addition, in order to solve the problem rapidly overcharge charger typically use the voltage gradient judgment methods to judge whether the battery to fill. When the battery charger, fast to full control of the circuit automatically turn Juan flow of battery charging pattern, Juan flow charging. Juan flow to charge the battery charging very full, also need not worry too, also do not have to go to the calculation time, make quick charger, thus greatly improving the usability and make quick charger price often higher than slow charger.

Bought notebook computer friends may have such experience, just bought the notebook computer batteries electricity is very little, even can’t start the computer. Because the battery after a long time of storage battery, and has a natural process, have natural discharge discharge, this does not affect the capacity of the battery. First, you should charge the battery continuously to 12 hours to complete, and the cycle, discharge three times to fully awaken new battery. After such a program, the battery can be used normally. If a battery consecutively for 12 hours after three times cycle after cycle or not, the battery charging still can’t use need to be replaced. General rechargeable batteries are through chemical reaction to the electronic energy storage capacity, so it is possible because the temperature, use the length of time, load and use frequency and environment. Below is about how to maximize optimize the maintenance of the battery in order to prolong the using time of the battery. To begin, the best after the battery charging it completely good electrical again after using it. Now some brand notebook charging mechanism has become very intelligent. The power supply will be auto discharge laptop battery power, only in the lower 95% automatically charge. So you don’t have to worry at ordinary times when using it will be charge. Suggest you every few months to a depth discharge to optimize the performance of the battery. Practice is used batteries, has been used to battery capacity to 0% (when the system will automatically into suspended animation or standby, according to the different). Then connected with ac recharger to 100% has so far.
Firstly, starting with the simplest of power management mode, each with a different operating systems of power management mode, specific Settings are in a Windows XP, for example (similar to other systems in control panel), there is a “power options” (figure 1), open source “options”, “the power options properties window (figure 2), in the” power use “selection box,” the household/desk “and” portable/pocket type “, “demonstration”, “open” and “minimum power management”, “Max battery model” and the manufacturers of than pattern etc. When choosing a different power allocation, the project will be displayed after below the setting of different power allocation. Generally speaking, the laptop to choose “portable/pocket type” is more appropriate, of course, can also according to customer’s demand to set. But here the author suggest, shut off hard disk and monitor, the standby system were set up for time to 5 minutes, 15 minutes and 30 minutes, also can not sleep mode and use standby system, because more electricity than the standby dormancy, but enable hibernation required part of disk space.

At present, the market competition of lithium battery has become increasingly fierce, the market, the saturated. At the same time, along with energy and environmental pressure increasing, new energy and the electric car, governments to electric cars and policy support in increasing, from the developing trend of new energy vehicles, is undoubtedly the future development direction of automobile and automobile lithium battery is the core component of new energy vehicles.
At present, with the car of lithium battery technology mature and price declines, more and more consumer begin to look to electric cars, simultaneously also gradually add new energy manufacturer of electric cars as future sales. At present, more and more auto manufacturers choose using lithium battery as new energy vehicles of the battery. At present many well-known automobile manufacturers are using lithium ion battery development of electric cars, such as ford, Chrysler, Toyota, mitsubishi, nissan, South Korea, France, modern Courreges Ventury etc.
Lithium battery hot car behind is vulnerable to plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (also called rechargeable hybrid electric vehicle) and pure electric market prospect and r&d capability of their current concerns. Although Bosch 2008 to stand, electric heat stay awake, but even calm as Bosch, has also set up a joint venture company with samsung, plans to achieve production batch 2011.
Japanese auto lithium battery industries appeared GeZongLianHeng pattern
During the warring states period, chu, yan, Korea, zhao wei, qin seven males and write. During the warring states, qin’s two most powerful, and other confrontation, and beat each other for Allies. Five other countries also don’t fiddle, and two countries sometimes, qin, joint against. Conflict between powers, diplomacy and more frequent, and overcome the union.
Due to the automotive industry contains huge lithium battery electric vehicle, the potential value of the upstream and downstream of the battery materials supplier of automotive manufacturers lithium battery business has also peep Qu already for a long time. Today, Japan on middle and lower reaches of the electric car for their own purposes, three common investment or scrambling for automobile lithium batteries, its business with the pattern in the warring states period GeZongLianHeng strategies are very similar.
Like Fuji industry and NEC cooperative development of cheap monomer (Cell) of lithium ion battery (i.e., manganese acid lithium battery), The GS Yuasa soup with Mitsubishi (shallow battery Honda, Mitsubishi) cooperative development of automobile lithium battery technology development, manufacture and distribution of selling business. Toyota (Toyota) to name from 40% to improve Energy EV contributive to 60%, be included in the subsidiary company, Germany and Japan Enax Degussa respectively established in China invested 50% each Enax Degussa Anqiu (Power), the Lion beaver company production of lithium ion battery electrodes and sales, and the production of electric vehicle lithium ion battery electrodes, and supplies to Europe and China, etc.
Japanese auto lithium battery enterprise global rankings
According to the survey, deutsche bank and truckload enterprise most below 10 enterprise cooperation development automobile lithium battery: 1) Johnson Controls – Saft (Johnson and French Saft joint venture), 2) A123 system Co., LTD. (courtesy of MIT, such as general electric company founded with the mainland have cooperation), LG chemical (3) in the United States has a Compact Power), 4) EnerDel Ener1 (joint venture) and Delphi, AESC (5) of the joint venture company nissan and NEC nijmegen), 6) (Toyota and panasonic PEVE joint venture company), 7) GS soup. Hitachi, 9) sanyo motors, 10) samsung.
The authority and alternative energy Green website editor of Michael Millikin meets Car, lithium battery manufacturer for future “three” is: (1), (2) AESC PEVE LG chem, 3). Most of these suppliers with at least two truckload enterprise signed the contract, but several major global truckload enterprise is usually choose at least two lithium battery suppliers.
From the above investigation, at present, can be found in the lithium battery suppliers in Japan in global market indeed possess greater advantage.
Japan lithium battery production enterprises and product analysis
Recently, an adviser issued by 2009-2012 China lithium battery industry investment analysis and prediction of the research prospect of report “, the report showed global automotive manufacturing enterprise of lithium batteries are mainly of more than 20, but Japan is walking in front of the world, the A123, Johnson Controls Johnson (), Chinese, Korean LG chemical co, but only Japanese Toshiba, Hitachi has made by Japanese electrical (NEC), Yuasa, GS, Toyota and matsushita electric industrial merger company name is home to 10 EV Energy related enterprise. Below are briefly introduced related enterprises:
1 ltd., PEVE (hereinafter referred to as the Energy EV, matsushita electric Energy)
As a global hybrid technology leader, Toyota actually in early December 1996 with matsushita electric industrial company matsushita batteries and industrial company is a joint venture company matsushita electric car energy PEVE), production (nimh batteries or lithium batteries etc. Car battery. Last year, after the mid-term investment increase yield is expected to grow from PEVE car battery of about 50 million in 2007 to 2011 of 100 million.
2 AESC (auto energy supply company).
AESC Automotive (Energy (by) company is slated to east gold and NEC, NEC nissan funded, specializing in the production of li-ion rechargeable battery vehicle-mounted, nissan AESC in joint venture company in Japan, holding 51% of electrical holdings, NEC Tokin shareholding 42 percent. AESC will focus on vehicle li-ion batteries development, manufacturing and marketing, also can be used as expected future electric vehicles. NEC will provide itself in battery research and manufacture technology, and Nissan will focus on vehicle applications. AESC core product will focus on advanced in lithium batteries, environmental protection, with excellent performance and price competitiveness, safety and many types of USES AESC planning for next year in lithium batteries can be large production and sales. Nissan and NEC estimate, AESC will become the leading brand of vehicle lithium batteries.
Last may, AESC shareholders will be announced a plan for the production of lithium batteries. Last December, nissan and NEC more statement will advance 1 year, investment plan implementation of production, more than 1,000 million yen in Japan and Europe and the United States, in order to ensure the construction of a new factory in 2011, lithium battery production to supply after 20 million cars use level.
3 GS Yuasa (GS soup shallow battery)
In March 2004, sales and electric power system lithium ion battery cell (E – on EX25A) and EX25A – 7 (module). The Mitsubishi (GS) and Mitsubishi Yuasa soup shallow battery was announced at the end of 2007, lithium battery joint venture by end of Honda08 Takeo Fukui also total presidents in Tokyo and soup shallow battery presidents Makoto Yoda, both sides signed cooperation agreements in the first quarter in 2009 will set up a joint venture company, the capital of 150 million yen, the new company will be soup with Honda shallow battery two companies with their respective contributive 51%, after the establishment of the new company to 49% of lithium batteries will be responsible for technology development, manufacture and distribution of selling business.
4 Energy, Ltd is Vehicle (Hitachi Vehicle Energy)
Hitachi Vehicle Energy company in June 2004, the new kobe motor 43.7%, Hitachi 36.7% and Hitachi macell 19.6% composition, specializing in the production of electric Vehicle of lithium ion batteries. In June 2005, low cost of r&d small lithium ion battery control module (try 48cell), lithium ion battery with the new development of traditional cost control device, streamline space 12.5% by 10%.
According to an adviser industry research center, Hitachi data shows that make and Hitachi Vehicle Energy (is) has announced that Energy Vehicle was developed to increase output density 4500W/kg of hybrid electric Vehicle lithium ion rechargeable batteries, will start from 2009 autumn for automobile manufacturers supply samples. Etc. The development of the unit is square, the first generation of products. Unit configuration dimensions for 120mm 90mm 18mm x x. Current capacity of 4.8 Ah, average voltage is 3.6 V. Energy density for 72Wh/kg.
5 Sanyo (Sanyo motors)
In march of 2006, Japan’s island factory provides 1,000 group with lithium-ion batteries in 2007, electric depot trial started mass production. Recently, the Japanese sanyo motors, said the United States, Japan and Europe has agreed to buy the car manufacturers in its production of lithium ion batteries, automotive, this company is seeking to use mixed hybrid demand growth opportunities. Sanyo currently is the world’s largest global secondary battery manufacturer of solar battery first seven manufacturers,
Recently, panasonic takeover sanyo motors, mainly is the energy business fancy sanyo. Comprehensive announced on April 9, Panasonic company (name) may be to slated to initiate or after July to Sanyo motors (Sanyo Electric Co..), because of a takeover offer many different countries, the acquisition of the regulatory approval aside will consolidate Panasonic in power battery field dominance.
6 Toshiba
In January 2009, Toshiba, the new factory will be built in the rechargeable battery n. prefecture, plan 2009 kashiwazaki construction, 2010 autumn is completed and put into operation, investment is expected to reach 300 most 3.3 billion yen ($90 billion yen syncretic dollars). The new factory will produce Toshiba, independent development of “SCiB” new lithium ion battery, the battery than ordinary li-ion batteries, and higher safety performance in a very short time, such as five minutes, the future possibility of complete charging more and more used in electric cars and notebook computers, etc. Toshiba will win by 2015, make the monthly output reached 10 million, achieve the sales target 200 billion yen.
7. Litcel Japan
In 2006, electric drive development with Li ion – B4-40 lithium batteries (pack), the device in mitsubishi Colt – empirical tests, bus EV charging a distance of life, 2010 goal for 150km 240km. Actually, mitsubishi has to LITCEL affiliates TDK 20%, capital investment and 20%. And in May 2005 TDK on capital about 1 billion takeover of the production of lithium ion battery charge of Hong Kong Ltd. (ATL Amperex beaver, launching) battery.
8. Enax/Degussa AG
In June 2005, Germany and Japan Enax Degussa respectively established in China invested 50% each Enax Degussa Anqiu (Power), the Lion beaver company production of lithium ion battery electrodes and sales, and the production of electric vehicle lithium ion battery electrodes, and supplies to Europe and China, etc.
Japanese auto lithium battery industry updates and prospect
Japan’s economic news reported recently, Japan’s ministry of economy in Japan will formulate the periphery of the group as the center, Japan’s Toyota, nissan, Toyota, suzuki, mitsubishi, Mazda, Fuji industry, great, yamaha nine auto and motorcycle manufacturing enterprises and sanyo motors, Hitachi, matsushita batteries made pasona industry, energy, GSYUASA company etc, plus the battery power company, Tokyo institute of Japanese cars, ministry of economy, the province will participate in joint unit tests, formulate unified lithium battery specifications and safety standards. At the same time, charging ways will also be standardized.
According to the institute of Japanese cars, according to the popularity of hybrid electric vehicle is calculated by 2020, Japanese hybrids will reach about 360 million vehicles. If the high-performance lithium batteries, use more likely to achieve 7.2 million. The media, said if Japan can comment on a new generation of car of lithium battery international standardization accreditation gain advantage, relevant enterprises shall issue master.
Car battery manufacturer, mutual development and research institutions car lithium battery, Japan’s ministry of economy for the electric car industry, move the healthy and orderly development of the maximization of reducing cost and industrial. Next, Japan’s automobile industry will be out of lithium batteries, did GeZongLianHeng chaos to the industrial structure, core strength quickly captured agglutinate global market.

Battery consumption and people’s life. People enjoy living in battery, bring convenience to waste batteries and guide the enormous problems of environmental pollution. Only a quarter no.5 batteries can make 1 square meters of permanent loss of soil utilization value. Because our country alkaline battery recovery system is not perfect, plus the people environmental protection consciousness to be raised by waste old battery brings the environment pollution nots allow to ignore.
But “cell regeneration treasure” perhaps can completely change the situation.
The cell regeneration treasure “and domestic markets generally battery charger product differs is, it adopts the principle is to use its internal a special kind of crystal, make the chemicals inside the cell activation and reactivated, rather than charging.
“Battery” use of renewable method is simple and easy to use. Ordinary alkaline battery simply add “cell regeneration treasure”, after the initial shock of renewable energy and even can reach the battery, repeated use of energy by 120% after 30 times, still can achieve energy for more than 80% of energy. Above all, “battery” using renewable intelligent microcomputer control and adaptive battery technology, can accurately identify any fully in the different combination of different kinds of cells, accurate judgement of the situation, won’t cause the battery, the battery overcharge have to ensure safety and thermal protection, overcharge protection, short circuit protection etc. Various protection measures, the user can be at ease completely.
After measuring, 4 ordinary alkaline batteries in “battery” regeneration in 10 minutes later, the digital camera can reach more than 30 consecutive camera. If you want to complete the regeneration, only activate more than an hour. “Battery” to activate regeneration by this section 4 of electricity consumption dry less than one penny, because “cell regeneration treasure” work for the power 6W, 6W x 4 activation time 1.3 hours x 1 yuan/degrees = 0.0078 yuan.
According to relevant personage introduction, the China consumes more than $60 billion batteries, produce more than 200 tons of garbage batteries, such a huge amount of waste batteries handled badly, will cause to the environment destruction of inestimable role. “Cell regeneration treasure” inputs, if the product can postpartum use, is expected to reduce waste electrical pool, according to 500 million yuan, each 2.5 billion yuan will save 1250, can effectively reduce environmental pollution problems. It requires people to improve the environmental protection consciousness, in the life consciously with good old battery. Dry
Expert analysis, cell regeneration treasure is a new concept of product, whether from the economic benefits and environmental benefits or in the future will have wide prospect.

For a (festival) digital camera battery, use the length of time, not only with the quality, quantity, and the use of user operation is also great relevance. Most amateur after each use camera is placed inside the habitual, or go on cupboard.nothing, battery doesn’t take out separately, this sounds like no problem, but against the battery protection.
Usually, if not to use the camera above 15 days, had better take from inside the camera battery, preservation of the environment separately store is best dry and cool place, but don’t be stored together with metal items batteries.
According to our survey on market now, you can buy the digital camera is using lithium batteries, most of it is relatively easy storage. Only need to pay attention to is not the best use of words, every 2 months, activate a battery, also is blunt once, so discharge effectively prolong battery life.
Nimh batteries, but may hate is memory effects, the effect of the total capacity of the battery will be reduced and the use of time, and with the passage of time, storage battery charge will be less and less, also can use more quickly. Therefore, should try to finish all power battery recharging, each must be charged to the full to cut off the electricity.
If, when you go for the temporary use of alkaline batteries, must remember to take a long time, otherwise once use, battery easily drips water corrosion circuit, the camera can discard fate.
The user to use alkaline batteries, had mentioned above, remember that is used in digital camera battery, must remember, lest appear flowing liquid phenomenon and damage to the battery.
And to use rechargeable lithium battery nimh batteries and users. Battery charge is to have cultured very much, just to buy back the battery is low or no general electric power, the first charge must be sufficient. Lithium battery charging time to exceed 8 hours, while charging nimh batteries commonly more than 16 hours. And to achieve the best effect, also is to make the battery has reached its maximum power, general repeatedly charging can put over 3 times. Batteries used in three times, had better find a chance to complete all power again, try not to charge the battery and residual electric charge or repeatedly will shorten the battery life. After charging battery is compared commonly heat, stay again into the camera battery after cooling.

But, because there is no memory effects of lithium batteries, so don’t discharge, otherwise would only damage cell structure, the loss of the battery life.

In addition, in order to avoid the loss of power, the use of the user, in the nimh batteries remove battery charging electric after finish, don’t let the battery while the negative poles, for example, don’t touch conductor fingers and contact battery ends. While using lithium batteries, should try to keep the user of the box camera batteries battery anode contact point is clean, may, when necessary, use dry cloth to wipe gently wipe again into the battery.

Also note that, even if the user, lithium batteries used in long time don’t use a digital camera, also want to completely discharge the battery, and stored in a dry, cool environment. But in addition to note is that whether the use of nimh batteries or lithium battery user, had better not be has been good battery guiltily, pocket, handbag or with metal items in the container, in order to prevent short circuits.

Digital camera batteries electricity laws:
1, avoid the frequent use of flash: if you are not professional photography personage, unless it is unable to see in the dark, light intensity of ordinary day for general digital camera, it is enough.
2 and avoid unnecessary zoom camera operation: zoom out a shrink, very power consumption. You can move by “artificial zoom” instead of “camera zoom” to save power.
3, don’t let the screen has been lighted: if not in the power of the circumstances, can close LCD, use viewfinder to adjust the picture composition, for a digital camera, it should be the most power of LCD, general digital camera, parts in closed after the LCD can be used when the time is about three times as long.
4, with less even pat and video: use less as far as possible even pat function and dynamic image short films, because these functions of the function is to use the built-in complete fuselage buffer to temporarily save took pictures, power consumption.
5 and avoid frequently, shutdown: many users know screen has been very bright, so in the use of electricity in order to save the electricity, frequent open and shut. Actually, frequent shutdown wasted power consumption than highlighting display more, especially for the lens diameter larger, and the camera is greatly need, switch machine is power. Most digital cameras have automatic shutdown options, this set is unfavorable setting too short, easy to cause the frequent open and shut. Of course people open and shut the frequent also should avoid.
6 and optical FangDou not often open: FangDou optical lens component is driven by or image sensor, the offset is image and the relative movement between the sensor and the realization. Either way, FangDou optical can cause of power consumption, especially some models FangDou mode can be set to “open”, this power loss will be more severe. Therefore, we should be very good scene light under close FangDou function, must use the optical, also should use less frequently “open” mode.

According to the statistics, Dataquest 136 countries around the world were put to popularize and apply the upsurge of solar cells, including 95 countries are on a large scale of solar cell production, actively develop new products of various energy. In 1998, the world’s production of solar battery, the total capacity of 1,000 mw, 1999 amounted to 2,850 mw. In 2000, the world has nearly 4600 manufacturers to provide the market with test and test for the power of the product.
At present, many countries are formulating medium-term development plan, the preparation of solar energy in the large-scale development in the 21st century, the department of the state is introduced, Japan launched photovoltaic plan is sunshine plan. America’s national NREL photovoltaic plan is an important photovoltaic plan, the content of silicon and advanced in technology, components, thin film solar pv modules, and PVMaT system performance and engineering, the pv-tech application and market development of five areas of research work.
America also launched a “solar street lamps, aiming to make America plan” part of the city street is changed by the solar power, according to the plan, the street lamp every year electricity-saving 800 degrees. Japan is also seven million sets of solar energy “project”, Japan to popularize the solar power system, is mainly residential housing installed in the roof solar power generation equipment, with the rest of the family could also sell electric power company. A standard families can install a generation of 3000. Europe is research and development of solar battery on the famous “eureka” high-tech plan, launched “10 million sets of project”. The popularization and application of the main content of test for solar energy engineering “, “planning is now promoting the development of large industrial solar test is one of the important power.
Japan, South Korea and the European region in eight countries recently decided to cooperate in Asia and Africa, inland desert regions to build the world’s largest solar power stations, their goal is the land area of approximately 1/4 of the desert regions of rizhao resources for a long time, make effective use of 30 million users to provide 100 megawatts of electricity. Plan will since 2001, spend four years to finish.
At present, the United States and Japan in the world market photovoltaic maximum market share. America has the world’s biggest photovoltaic power plant, the power to 7MW, Japan also built 1MW of photovoltaic power generating power. A total of 23 around eight (pv) power equipment, Israel, Australia, New Zealand ahead.
Since the 1990s, the global solar cell industry annually to 15% increase continuously development. According to the latest figures released Dataquest prediction and report, the United States, Japan and western industrialized countries in the research and development of solar energy, 1998, the total investment of $5.7 billion, 1999 1127 billion dollars, 7 billion dollars in 2000, In 2001, will reach $8.2 billion, In 2002, is expected to exceed 10 million dollars.
Solar cell industry status
In the research and development of solar cells work seriously, fences, in early period of amorphous silicon semiconductor research work has been listed in the national major issue, Eighth and ninth in the research and development, the emphasis on large solar battery, etc. October 2003, the national development and reform commission, the ministry of science and technology for the next five years, the solar energy resources development planning commission “light engineering” will raise 100 billion yuan in advance, the application of solar power generation technology plan to 2005 national solar power system with a total installed capacity of 300 mw.
In 2002, the national related ministries launched “western provinces without electricity plans”, through the village of solar and wind power solutions seven small western provinces without electricity the power of the village. This project startup greatly stimulate the solar industry, domestic built a few solar battery, the packaging line of solar cell production increase quickly. China currently has 10 solar cell production line, the annual production capacity of about 4.5 MW, including eight line imported from abroad, in which 8 production lines, with 6 monocrystalline silicon solar cell production line of amorphous silicon solar cell production line. According to experts, at present our pv market demand for the year 2001-2010 5MW in demand, will start from 2011 10MW and market demand, China will be greater than in photovoltaic 20MW.
At present domestic solar silicon production enterprise mainly luoyang monocrystalline silicon base NingJin hebei factory, sichuan and semiconductor manufacturers, including hebei factory NingJin monocrystalline silicon base is the world’s largest production base, the solar monocrystalline silicon solar energy accounted for the world market share of around 25%.
In the solar battery materials market, the current domestic downstream of the enterprise mainly producing solar cells have baoding yingli new energy, suntech, kaifeng solar cell factory, yunnan semiconductor devices, qinhuangdao colorful optoelectronic, zhejiang like solar power, solar energy, ningbo kyocera (tianjin) solar energy company, total output in 120MW above.
Solar battery and solar power editrice prospects
At present, the application of solar cells from military and aerospace field into the industrial, commercial, agriculture, communication, household appliances and utilities sectors, especially in the remote areas can be scattered, mountains, deserts, island and rural use to save cost, the transmission lines are very expensive. But in the present stage, it costs are high, 1kW electricity needs a large investment of thousands of dollars, so use are still on the economy.
But, in the long run, as solar battery manufacture technology improvement and the new light — the electric switching device, the invention of the protection of the environment and the huge demand for renewable clean energy, solar battery will still be using solar radiation is feasible method for large-scale use solar energy future human opens wide prospect.

For mobile phone battery principle of work, perhaps many friends want to know, only by understanding the handset battery principle of work, everybody can understand oneself one step further, to avoid the mobile phone battery explosion of the phenomenon.
The classification of battery
Nickel cadmium battery: consists of two side is composed, plate making, nickel metal is the other side of the metal cadmium, so called nickel cadmium battery this two kinds of metal in the battery in reversible response, so battery recharging, this also is the first generation of mobile phone battery, use rise need maintenance.
Nickel cadmium battery: nickel cadmium battery has another name battery, because it does not contain cadmium metal, not pollute the environment. It’s power reserve ratio nickel cadmium battery more than 30% to 50%, mobile phone calls and prolong the time and so on, but the 30% with nickel cadmium battery, but differ in internal materials
Nickel cadmium battery: is a kind of high energy density of the battery, and the same size of the nickel cadmium battery, compared to nickel cadmium battery power reserves bigger and more light weight. Based on the safety of nickel cadmium in batteries, it also has a built-in control chip, to provide power, voltage, current, many aspects of protection, can avoid to control charging battery constitute the excessive caused dangerous phenomenon, and further improve the safety of using battery.
Because the two kinds of battery has not put into use, we will not only introduces the principle, for everyone in the use of nickel cadmium battery principle are introduced.
Nickel cadmium in batteries for lithium ofits, lithium is a kind of metal elements, is a silvery white, soft and chemical properties are very lively in the metal, metal is the lightest. Nickel cadmium battery anode materials are usually the active compounds, lithium anode is special molecular structure of carbon. Common battery anode materials for the main component LiCoO2, charging the battery, and the potential of the positive force between compounds, lithium ion release molecules across embedded in the structure of carbon. Discharge, lithium ion from slice layer structure of carbon compounds, and positive, because of lithium ion movement and thus output current for mobile phone use.
Nickel cadmium battery protective circuit circuit
Nickel cadmium battery recognized use efficiency and security, and makes it even higher prices, sales still grow rapidly. And nickel cadmium battery protective circuit circuit is the patron saint of nickel cadmium battery, can effective let nickel cadmium battery for work on the protection and control, and the so-called nickel cadmium battery protective circuit circuit is the nickel cadmium battery is the protection circuit.
1 and the necessity of protection circuit:
Li-ion rechargeable battery charging or if there is often happen.according to discharge battery inflation, leakage protection circuit abnormal phenomenon, can prevent itself or malfunction with the charger, or because of improper use, battery failure and the performance deterioration and Settings. In normal conditions, the protection circuit is not working.
2, the protection circuit circuit of the installation position:
Protection circuit with a single battery and panel is a machine itself, even if the charger or fault, protect circuit can prevent cell damage, discharge, characteristics of degradation. These protect circuit must be put in the panels, and the professional company according to different battery design circuits.
3 and avoid protection circuit damage:
Avoid the use of static in places such as batteries, laboratory, precision instruments, empty place near the thunderstorm, etc.
4 and the battery safe charge temperature range:
The battery is best in between 45 degrees centigrade 0 – to maintain optimum charging, the safety of charging protection circuit, otherwise easy damage and reduce battery performance life. For the strong sunlight parked in the car, the battery is not suitable for placement.

A, charging sense
Here, first, use rechargeable batteries charging is the important step. A reasonable charge for prolong battery life is very good, and he will be for charging brutal has a great influence on the battery life. In an article said that current lithium batteries are basically according to each individual, each of the general, each product also provide their because of charging equipment, universal, when used as follow their instructions can be used. So the paper introduces main battery is nickel cadmium battery and refers to the nimh batteries.
Every cell of nickel nimh batteries and two ways, is known to us all the “quick charge” and “slow filling”. Fast and slow rechargeable battery is an important concept, the fast and slow rechargeable battery can correctly grasp.
First, fast and slow filling a relative concept. Someone once asked me the charger is 200mA, charging electric current is fast. The answer is not absolute, should answer for certain, it is fast battery charging the battery, and for some, it is slow. We judge how fast or slow filling filling?
For example a section 5 of electric capacity for nimh batteries, and another quarter 1200mAH for 1600mAH. We put a battery electric capacity, called 1C is a logical concept, Australia, Australia, the same is not equal.
In charge, charging electric current is less than 0.1 C, we called Juan flow charging. As the name suggests, is refers to the current is small. Generally speaking, charging the battery can Juan flow of filling, without damage, but the battery life Juan flow in charge of time is too long, so rarely used alone, but the combined with other charging ways.
Charging electric current in 0.1c – 0.2 between C, we called slow charging. Charging current than 0.2 C, less than 0.8 C is rapid charging. When charging current more than 0.8 C, we call super-fast charging.
Australia is a logical concept because instead of absolute value, thus filling the quick conversion 1C according to slow filling is a relative value. In front of the 200mA examples mentioned in 1200mAH battery charging electric current is slow, but for 700mAH filling the battery is fast.
Know the speed of concept, we still need to understand the situation of battery charger can correctly charging. On the market at present mainly divided into the charger automatic charger constant-current charger and two

Second, the constant-current charger
Constant-current charger is the most common market from nickel cadmium battery charger, age, we began to use the constant-current charger. Constant-current charger usually use slow charging electric current, its use simpler, only the battery in battery charging of storehouse. Note that the time to recharge the accurate calculation.
In charge of the time have a simple calculation formula: provides hour-by-hour = 150 C/charging electric current. For example: 1200mAH battery, the battery charger, time 150mA current for 1800mAH / 150mA is 12 hours. In many cases, of course not calculate the exact time, we can choose from to recent half an hour with convenient time. Example: the charger to 1400mAH 160mA, for the battery, 2100mAH time for 160mA/about 13 hours without calculation to points.
Constant-current charger of simple structure, stable work, is a good way to recharge the battery life, the effect is small. But it also has its limitation, must first time, along with the increasing capacity of nimh batteries, constant-current charging the time needed to use more long, also brings some inconvenience. Therefore, in recent years, automatic charger also gradually popular
Third, automatic charger
In this fast automatic charger two more and more popular, it has the charging speed, safety features. But some people have doubts about it, for quick charger basic use rechargeable battery, faster flow of these people fear it will affect the battery life. So the actual circumstance how?
First, be sure to large current is charging battery life is very small, in many cases, we have to use rechargeable battery, even ultra-high speed quick recharge current sometimes can achieve 2C or higher. Large current is not real killer cell influence to the battery life-span of current is the hot charging.
We should use the battery than nominal voltage battery slightly higher voltage, and battery charging electric current to produce a back emf will, therefore, is part of the current to offset the potential energy, and freely into heat. When charging electric current is bigger, more energy is converted to heat, temperature is higher. High temperatures of rechargeable batteries are harmful in slow, because the constant-current charger is slow, in charge of heat can be controlled within, so does not need to adopt the special measures. But in the automatic charger, using fast charging flow will produce higher temperature. Therefore currently on the market fast automatic charger using various methods to reduce the temperature of the battery, usually use is cosine method, i.e. not with constant current charge, but like cosine wave current strength, such a change could alleviate the accumulation of heat, which will temperature control in a certain range. Because this kind of chargers will no longer use constant current charge, and past constant-current chargers have obvious difference
Use quick charger, another problem is when charging time if forget, after the stop charging the battery for damage will far outweigh the slow constant-current charger overcharge harm. Therefore, in order to solve the problem too quick charger generally adopted such as voltage gradient judgment method to judge whether the battery methods, the charger is close to full use of the control circuit or IC chip to complete this task. When the battery is close to full, control circuit automatically turn Juan flow of battery charging pattern, Juan flow charging. Using Juan flow of battery charging electric current is obvious, as previously mentioned, Juan flow to charge the battery charging full, secondly, need not worry too, so use such charger is the biggest advantage of time don’t have to. The use of specific method can check their instructions, prevent improper operation.
Quick charger has a branch is high-speed charger, this kind of chargers applications, design, structure and process is very complex, so the price is expensive.
In some special occasions, people need in a very short time, ready to use the battery charger using high-speed. Due to the great superhigh speed charger charging electric current, some even use 2C – 3C certification, the current problems, particularly severe heat using cosine wave just enough, so the battery charger many USES of wave in a cosine after insert a very short discharge this method. This approach can alleviate the potential cost charge current generated heat accumulation, thus further control temperature.
Four, discharge
The article has introduced the rechargeable batteries, memory effects, we also know when memory effect gradually accumulated, can make the actual use of the battery capacity decreased dramatically. To reduce memory effects brought by the negative effect, an effective method is to discharge. Generally due to nickel cadmium battery memory effect more apparent, the proposal is in use repeatedly charging for 5-10 times as a discharge, and the nimh batteries can be better memory effects in charge, and use of 20-30 times after a discharge.
In the market of high-grade charger itself with some functions, but most of the discharge of cheap charger is not discharge function, what should we do? By understanding the discharge principle, we can also trying to cell discharge.
We already know, nickel cadmium battery and the nominal voltage is nimh batteries, but actually, 1.2 V battery voltage is a change of value, as if sufficient electricity, around 120 V around fluctuations. In general 1V – 1.4 V, different brand fluctuates between the batteries due to the different voltage fluctuation, not identical
For battery discharge is using small discharge current, voltage drops slowly, the battery down to 0.9 1V V – between, should stop discharging. It is not recommended to put battery discharge to 0.9 V, doing so will cause excessive discharge, make the battery is irreversible damage, said rechargeable batteries is not suitable for use in the home appliance, it is because of the remote control of the current is small, long time in remote use easily cause excessive discharge. After a correct discharge battery, you will find the capacity of the battery of surprise and restored to the original level, so that the capacity of the battery when decline, had better make a discharge.
To do a simple discharge battery, the method is a small, but DianZhu as load must be used to monitor voltage meter, in case of excessive discharge of change.
For what is the charger, choose quick charger or slow constant-current charger, this basically see yourself. Such as often use a digital camera out of equipment such as friends, should choose quick charger, in order to meet the requirements on time, and can even buy high-speed charger, and USES only listensto equipment friends, constant-current charger can satisfy needs
In the correct knowledge, we must charge after can better use of their rechargeable batteries. Please don’t get bogged down in the rapid charging.