Firstly introduce a few simple formula, the basic electricity hope to make no electronic background readers to a few physical phenomena.
Voltage (V) = current (I) x resistance (R),
Charge (Q) = current (I) x time (T),
Power (P = V x I =
Energy (W) = P * T = Q x V
Any object has impedance, plus a potential difference in both impedance will produce charge through the impedance, the impedance is unit of time (a) through the charge quantity smaller, impedance is unit of time through the charge quantity. If the potentials are unit time increases the flow volume of charge will be reduced, while magnetic unit time through the charge quantity is less. The potential difference voltage (V), called for volts (V) unit, unit of time through the charge quantity amount called current (I), unit for (A), impedance ampere resistance (R), called in ohms (.). The current (I) that flows through the unit of time, the number of charges in the flow resistance in T seconds altogether has the number of charges by T, I used to describe how the charge quantity of nouns for charge (Q), commonly known as the power, the unit is called the coulomb (Q). Resistance of power consumption (P) as I * V, unit for watt (W), representing the power the power consumption. , the energy consumption (W) for P * T, unit for the joule (J), the longer the time the same energy consumption, and the energy consumption of power consumption is bigger also.
Example: a tree in the dry batteries 1.5 V, consumption of 0.5 bulb, power consumption for triple-a current for 4.5 W, 10 seconds altogether through the coulomb’s charge, 30 45 joule energy consumption. Nickel cadmium battery material classification of battery has a lot of kinds, in chemical battery charging in just throw a battery, the battery can be called again use rechargeable batteries repeatedly called secondary battery, the battery is nickel cadmium and alkaline battery in the secondary batteries belong to one. Nickel cadmium battery anode materials are used in QingYangHuaNie oxygen, cathode using cadmium compounds active substances, electrolyte is the use of potassium hydroxide alkaline solution, etc. As for nickel cadmium battery, will be produced in the above, in QingYangHuaNie anode and cathode metal cadmium, thus it has formed in at the potentials. Will nickel cadmium battery anode and cathode ends when discharge, Yin external load extreme charged by external load flow of electrons, therefore to provide energy for anode external load consumption.

Second, excessive charging
In the process of charging the battery voltage increases with the increased power storage battery storage rise gradually, when the electrode material of saturation power battery, if cannot continue to charge, electrolyte, and will produce in the electrolysis anode and cathode generate hydrogen in oxygen, so will the internal cause in sealed battery, will rise to internal pressure inside the cell damage structure. Like this kind of phenomenon called excessive charging.
In order to avoid excessive rechargeable batteries, usually by the damage of the cathode production capacity will be better than the anode, large capacity, such as excessive charge anode can produce oxygen saturation and first, and the cathode is not saturated and won’t produce hydrogen and oxygen to produce spread to the anode and cathode after charging produced metal cadmium absorbed oxygen react, and the reaction rate and metal cadmium speed balance, so can effectively avoid the battery pressure. But if the charging current (use) will be quick charge the battery loses his balance, the pressure inside the battery will open valve, hydrogen and oxygen to battery leakage will reduce external pressure relief valve closed until just sealed battery again. But the gas leakage has made chemical material, reducing internal cause of battery life.

1 how, for the new battery
In the use of lithium battery should be paid attention to in the battery is, after a period of time, while in a suspended state, use the time less than normal capacity to be shortened. But the lithium battery easily activation, long after the 3-5 times of normal
Electricity cycle can activate cells, restore normal capacity. Due to the characteristics of lithium battery itself, it almost no memory effects. So the user’s new lithium battery in the activation process, do not need special methods and equipments. Not only in theory, from my own practice, from start charging method using standard “natural” means the activation is the best.
For lithium battery “activate”, many are charging time: more than 12 hours must be repeated, three times, in order to activate cells. The “three times before the battery should fill over 12 hours,” from nickel battery (such as nickel cadmium and continued nimh). So this statement, say to misinformation. Lithium battery and cadium battery charging and discharging characteristics of very big difference, but also can be very clear tell everyone that I have had all the serious technical data are emphasized the formal overcharge and discharge of lithium battery, especially will liquid lithium ion battery caused great damage. So the best according to standard time and battery charging standard method, especially not for more than 12 hours long battery. Usually, the charging method introduced in instruction is suitable for the battery, the method of charging standards.
In addition, the lithium battery chargers in batteries will automatically stop after filling, does not exist nickel electricity charger so-called lasts 10 hours of Juan “flow” charge. That is to say, if you of lithium battery charger, put in the BaiChong also. But none of us can ensure the battery charging and discharging characteristics of protection circuit will change and the quality of your battery, so no danger in the long term. This is also our long charge against another reason.
In addition, another aspect is the lithium battery also not suited to discharge, discharge of lithium battery also very disadvantageous. This leads to the following questions.

2, the normal use should start charging
In our forum, often can see this statement, because the charge is limited, so it should be possible to batteries run for recharging. But I find a lithium-ion battery charge on the experiment, the data about the life cycle listed as follows:
Circulation service life (10) : > 1000 times DOD
Circulation service life (100% DOD) : > 200 times
DOD is one of the abbreviations depth discharge. From the table, rechargeable frequency and discharge depth, 10% of life cycle DOD than 100% DOD to many. Of course if converted into actual total capacity of charging 10% : 100,100 % * * 1000 = 200 = 200, the latter’s full charge will be better, but in front of the users to do some correction: under normal circumstances, you should have a reservation battery remaining power according to the principle of a filling, but if you charge the battery in the first 2 days you expected throughout the day may not insist, should promptly started charging, of course, if you would carry charger into office again when when.
But you need to recharge to cope with upcoming will lead to the important events of communication is busy, even though there are many more in battery power, then you just ahead, because you didn’t charge real loss “1″ time is life, charging cycles “0 x”, and often times the x will be small.
Battery remaining power after using the principle of filling and not again to you to go to extremes. And as a widespread charging, namely “as the battery power as the best use automatic shutdown. This practice is the practice of cadium battery, the aim is to avoid memory effects occur, unfortunately it in lithium batteries in the present. Once someone because like machine battery power is too low, the warning still not charging continue to use has been used in the automatic shutdown. The results of the example in the later as machine without charging and boot in response to customer maintenance, send. This is because of excessive discharge batteries due to low voltage, that do not have the normal charge and boot conditions.

If you wish to extend battery charger, except the effective use of time to ensure the quality of the battery, the right skills necessary:

1 battery factory, has carried on the activation treatment, and the beforehand, so all spare battery charging electric batteries, a friend said, according to the setting time still charging shortage, assumptions on standby for the names of batteries battery indeed, this kind of circumstance should extend adaptation for 3-5 times more full charge.

2 if a new cell phone battery is lithium ion, before 3-5 times charging commonly called adaptation, filling, in order to ensure that the above 14 hours fully activate lithium ion activity. Lithium ion battery, but there is no memory effects of laziness, should give full activated, to ensure the best after use.

3 some automation intelligent quick charger when instructions lights change, only that filled with 90%. Charger automatically change with slow rechargeable batteries. The best will batteries, otherwise will shorten the time of use.

4 rechargeable lithium batteries, not need special discharge, improper discharge will be damaged cells. When the battery to slow to a ho-hum, reduce fast filling way, Time does not exceed 24 hours. Battery after three to five times after full charge of its internal chemicals will be all “activate” to achieve the best effect.

5. Please use the original or well-regarded brand of lithium battery charger, lithium battery charger should use special, and follow instructions, otherwise it will damage to the battery, or even dangerous.

6 there are many users often in charge the phone open, actually such will easily hurt in the mobile phone service, because the process of charging circuit, mobile phone, if there will be hot exotic phone, may produce instant backflow of mobile phone of current internal damage components.

7. The battery life depends on the number of charge, and shall be avoided when the battery charging more electricity can shorten the battery life. More than 7 days phone battery should be completely discharge, sufficient electricity before use.

There are battery, self-discharge nimh batteries by day when the residual capacity will be about 1%, lithium batteries will discharge day by 0.2% – 0.3% discharge. In the battery, try to use the special socket, will not be Shared with the home appliance such as TV charger socket.

9. Although mobile network covering area in charge, but in mobile phone, cannot have accepted and call. At this time, can use the mobile phone through transfer function, will be transferred to the side of the fixed telephone calls, in order to prevent the loss, this kind of method for mobile phone is not network covering area or weak signal and temporarily unable to connect also apply.

10. Don’t be exposed to high temperature or cold days, like mobile phones, should not be put in the car, the sun exposure, Or to put their air conditioning, straight blow. When charging, battery has a hot is normal, but cannot make it what temperature “suffer”.

NiCd (11) nickel cadmium battery) before must ensure the battery totally without electricity, battery recharging after must ensure that sufficient electricity.

12 if mobile phone battery for too long, had better not use mobile phone service department to make an application for batteries, also can live with a constant dc voltage, adjusting voltage, current for 5-5 ~ 600mA 6V reverse connect battery.

When the battery is not as long as possible, for no protection circuit batteries charging should cease after the battery, otherwise will affect performance by fever or overheating.

14 lithium ion battery must choose special charger, otherwise it may reach saturation, affect its performance. After charging, should avoid to put in more than 12 hours on the charger, long-term need not when should make battery and mobile phones

The battery charging and discharging number directly related to the life, every time, batteries charging to move a step. Suggest you try to use external power supply, use external power supply should be taken down. If often times in a day, and inserted power laptop battery, the battery with more damage. Because each time the external power source to access to the battery, the battery is a natural SheShou.
After the power used for recharging and avoid charging for a long time
Don’t tube using lithium electricity or notebook nimh electric power, must be exhausted after filling quantity (1%), this is the best way to avoid memory effects. Li-ion battery will also have memory effects, but its memory effects than a nimh batteries, only to what is completely/use after charging for it. Part of the filling and discharge may lead to the core of the batteries and chemical properties, battery performance will be back down. Every few months to suggest a depth discharge battery to optimize the performance of the battery. Practice is used batteries, has been used to battery capacity to 0% (when the system will automatically into suspended animation or standby, according to the different). Then connected with ac recharger to 100% has so far. After a long time of storage battery, the battery has a natural process, have natural discharge discharge, this does not affect the capacity of the battery
First, you should charge the battery continuously to 12 hours to complete, and the cycle, discharge three times (see section) to maintain battery completely new battery, if the awakened by storage battery months without the use of it, the suggestion is three times and discharge completely. If a battery consecutively for 12 hours after three times cycle after cycle or not, the battery charging still can’t use need to be replaced.

Currently using laptops for lithium ion batteries, for a dynamic source of notebook batteries have equipped, notebook has lost its meaning, and a mobile PC and no samples, so that the notebook computer batteries for laptop is qualitative very important components.

Avoid exemption under the environment of high temperature, the use of lithium batteries, high temperature condition experts will accelerate the aging process of lithium batteries, and also don’t in extreme low temperature environment. Low temperature environment will reduce the lithium battery, the battery life of the lower notes. Regularly for lithium batteries were activated processing, is completely charging and discharging lithium battery recovery, maximum capacity. Practice is, close all power management, make your laptop slowly discharge until completely, then, repeat charging in two to three times. The hot weather, the safeguard oneself as far as possible the his notebook batteries, can let the notebook computer better play its role. Hope your notebook batteries will become part of the trouble. Maintain

China is the world’s largest solar batteries manufacturing base. But Chinese solar battery enterprise embarrassed, the Chinese government will build the world largest solar power to a U.S. olive.
American local time on September 8, China’s government and American first solar energy company signed memorandum FirstSolar (), both in Inner Mongolia ordos construction plan of 200 million kilowatts of solar power plants. This will be the world’s largest solar power plant, for 300 million households.
In two weeks ago, the Chinese government has formally, polycrystalline silicon solar cell industry and repetitive construction phenomenon. At this juncture, the Chinese government and the solar energy company why the solar power plant start-up ordos high-profile projects?
One reason is probably the first solar companies not polycrystalline silicon solar energy cell attack. Actually, the company is the leader of the film solar battery technology.
The super large orders and film solar cells portends in China and in the world to get more.
Polysilicon surplus
And the first solar energy company, China’s enterprises of production are basically polycrystalline silicon solar energy cell, its main raw material for polysilicon.
Compared with the film solar cells, polycrystalline silicon solar photoelectric conversion efficiency is higher. Film solar cells usually less than 10%, and polycrystalline silicon solar energy cell mostly in more than 14%.
But the biggest advantage of film solar cells, can not use expensive silicon, materials needed less polycrystalline silicon solar energy consumption is significantly below polycrystalline silicon solar energy cell.
Of course, the film solar higher technical difficulties, considered polycrystalline silicon solar energy cell after the next generation of technology.
A few years ago, because of polycrystalline silicon shortage, the international market prices of polysilicon once per ton hundreds of dollars. In this context, the local Chinese more polysilicon production horse. As a result of overcapacity, plus the financial crisis, the price of polysilicon dropped substantially.
On August 26, the standing committee of state council meeting, wind and polycrystalline industries are considered “duplicate construction.
On the same day, ministry of industry and information in the ZhuHongRen chief engineer at a conference also said: “the solar, wind and other emerging industry repetitive construction, disorder of problem cannot be ignored.”
Meanwhile, in the process of polysilicon production energy consume, and four chlorinated silicon toxic by-product pollution to the environment, and also has a lot of criticism.
Because China’s polycrystalline silicon solar energy cell product export to the most developed countries, some image to call “consumption, pollution,”.
In polycrystalline silicon solar energy cell was preoccupied elsewhere in the solar battery, family members – another film solar cells to very conspicuous.
Film
Over the past few years, the production of film solar cells in high-speed growth.
According to a market research company DisplaySearch released in August 11, the solar cell production trends report, 2009 film solar cells productivity for 358 million kilowatts.
The report also shows that the company in 2005, film solar cells in the whole solar battery capacity of about 5% of the 2009, is expected to exceed 20%.
China’s power investment group Co., LTD, a xian solar power for the technical personnel news of scientific explanation: “just as its name implies, the film is a layer of film battery will be prepared to solar battery, due to its use silicon rarely, easier to reduce costs.
The technical personnel also said: “is a kind of thin film solar energy efficient products, but also more easily with the perfect combination of building materials in the international market. Continuous tense silicon thin film solar cells, under the background of international pv market has become a new trend in the development of new and hot.”
At present, mainly including film solar cells silicon-based solar cells, the thin film solar cells cadmium tellurium, copper indium gallium selenium film solar cells, etc. With the first solar companies as a representative of the cadmium tellurium film solar cells technology were the most common.
In the film solar cells on the market, the leader is the United States, Japan and other countries of the enterprise. But some Chinese solar cell production enterprises in this new film solar cells and unwilling to lag behind.
On September 9th, located in heibei baoding tianwei the change of the listed company, the company announced subsidiary tianwei film will invest more than 30 million yuan, the construction of 15 million kilowatts of amorphous silicon thin film solar cells phase ii project.
More than two months ago, tianwei film of 465 million kilowatts of amorphous silicon thin film solar cell production line has been put into production, the initial photoelectric conversion efficiency at around 8%.
Besides, the immortal DE solar, tianwei suntech will also have such production or film solar cells line. However, these enterprises of production technology film solar cells are imported from abroad.
Thin film solar cells, but the prospect is not without risk.
China electronics materials industry association LiQingYan told the news of the science and technology and cost due to factors such as the next time, polycrystalline silicon solar battery will continue as the main industries.
“At present, film solar cells in the proportion of solar cell industry in China only 10%. The next 10 years to 20 years, film solar cells also won’t occupy the leading position of solar cells, because its technology is mature. He said: “some film solar cells, the efficiency of the silicon solar battery relatively poor many, have some good cost and high efficiency.
Three fluorinated nitrogen
Thin film solar cell industry in the future to beat the competition polycrystal silicon solar battery, still must face a environment problem: film solar cells in the production process of releasing three fluorinated nitrogen, considered a greenhouse gases.
In 2008, the university of California, irvine earth system science pilates MichaelPrather djoser (Michael) and his colleagues in the journal proceedings of the geography research papers issued three fluoride, says the greenhouse effect of nitrogen dioxide’s 17,000 times is. In the semiconductor, LCD panel and thin film solar cell production process, all three fluoride might release nitrogen.
Winfrey, told the news of the harp science, three fluorinated nitrogen significant greenhouse effect can exist in the atmosphere of 550 years of infrared ray absorbing ability is strong.
At the university of California at the Scripps research institute (sea ray overrepresented RayWeiss) and the research team also found that three fluoride concentrations of nitrogen in the air by 1978 0.02 / trillion rose to 2008 0.454 / trillion.
At present, although overrepresented produced by human activity in the greenhouse effect, carbon dioxide, accounted for 60% three fluorinated nitrogen accounted for only three fluoride 0.04%, but the proportion of nitrogen in May be exponentially.
He told the news of science: “we are monitoring results show that, the atmosphere of the three fluorinated nitrogen than expected high emissions from 4 to 5 times.”
At present, Kyoto only involves 6 kinds of gas, carbon dioxide and methane, nitric oxide, hydrogen fluorine carbon, the perfluorocarbon and six fluorinated sulfur. Winfrey and Suggestions, will be three overrepresented in fluorinated nitrogen also need to reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases.
Said: “we should overrepresented in three fluorinated nitrogen reduction of incentive mechanism.
The atmospheric composition observation LiuYu service center, said three fluorinated n the greenhouse effect than carbon dioxide, but really global atmosphere three fluorinated nitrogen content is not high.
Also noted that the three overrepresented fluorinated nitrogen emissions, it will not only be non-action worst greenhouse gases. Moreover, most of the use of clean technologies, whether film solar cells, wind generators or production process will accompany greenhouse gas emissions, so long as they use life sufficient to cover the greenhouse gas emissions, so these new technologies or useful.
He said: “the film for the use of solar panels for decades, more than life and they only need time can compensate for the production process of releasing greenhouse gases.
Sircana said, pilates semiconductor, LCD panel and thin film solar panels can consider alternative, reduce the production process of greenhouse gas emissions, is especially important, “must be fair appraisal”.

When you purchase a new battery or several months after the battery, use a few times after completely filled with put to activate electronic, battery life will be short. Lithium battery charge in more than six hours must be nimh batteries, must be more than 14 hours, such batteries can be completely filled.
Using the original battery charger and will help extend battery life. In charge of time, depends on the battery charger and used, and whether the use of voltage stability, and other factors.
Battery and residual quantity, try not to repeat charging, to ensure the battery life. Even in the digital camera battery has run down, that is, in fact, a bit of residual battery power. If the situation in unused to recharge the battery repeatedly, battery time will gradually shortened. Want to make use of time to recover the original level, many times repeatedly “completely finished using it for recharging. We can use small electric to solve this problem. If is the 5th rechargeable batteries, and can be installed in both the electric power of the battery recharging after exhaustion.
Turn off the power large LCD display, optical viewfinder. If you must have LCD screen, it’s a little better brightness or convert black-and-white. This can be fully saving energy, and extend the life of the battery.
Periodically will charge after the discharge battery, the easiest way is to use adjusting charger or pulse charger.
Old battery don’t also collocation is used. Even the old brand collocation of battery can also lead to its damage, digital camera related circuit there will also be dangerous, so old battery problem you must pay attention to.
Usually many recharging problems are due to the battery contact caused not clean, therefore we should not regularly use of alcohol a dip to wipe clean battery point of contact.
Note the temperature, and the use of charging it is especially important for nimh batteries. Should be in 0 ° C and 40 ° C environmental temperature on the battery. Below 0 ° C will allow the battery charge under the abnormal, causing internal battery performance of unrecoverable continued to decline. Above 40 ° C, there will be in charge of leakage.
If long time not to use the camera battery, will be removed from the camera, and on the cold, dry place.
Use no matter what kind of rechargeable batteries, not in charging immediately after the use of digital cameras in, it’s best to just finish filling battery, do a little place mainly because just completed the closed loop battery voltage may have a higher than the rated voltage, if the camera will immediately into the camera on circuit components. So, had better wait rechargeable batteries self-discharge rated voltage again when to use. Of course, also not be charged rechargeable batteries, so for a long time, mothballs for recharging the battery itself is not good.
Finally, if there is a reminder of AC voltage adapter can use conditions, had better use of AC power supply voltage adapter, or high cost of rechargeable batteries. Most digital cameras are equipped with adaptive voltage AC power adapter himself. Before use, you should first make clear the AC power adapter is external, or 110V voltage, because, if one 220V voltage with infixing undeserved, easily burnt out power even camera. Don’t use other voltage adapter power, because each camera, manufacturer produces the camera in the adaptive voltage, current, and specifications, etc are different, use improper voltage adapter power, light damage easily camera power interface, serious when might not match because of voltage, current and burned the camera. Therefore, to special remind note.

The battery series and parallel up use, this sounds like very simple, however, follow some simple rules, can avoid unnecessary problems.
The cells of the battery are needed to connect, the working voltage. If you need a higher capacity and more current, it should be parallel. Batteries, Other cells, the series and parallel to combine these two kinds of methods. A laptop battery may be the fourth quarter 3.6 V lithium ion battery connection, total voltage reached 14.4 V, And then, the two groups together, so the battery in parallel, the total power of the battery can be from 2000 to 4000 ma ma when. This method is called “four strings up two and”, it means: the two groups of four batteries battery series in parallel.
The watch, backup storage and cellular phone in general use a battery. A quarter of the nominal voltage nickel-based battery is 1.2 V, alkaline battery is 1.5 V, silver oxide battery is 1.6 V, lead acid battery is 2V, li-ion battery is 3V, and lithium ion battery of nominal voltage is 3.6 V. Using lithium-ion polymer and other types of lithium battery, its rated voltage is generally 3.7 V. If you want to get this uncommon as 11.1 V of voltage, would get three series of the battery. Along with the development of modern microelectronics technology, we have to use a 3.6 V of lithium ion battery, cellular phone and low consumption of portable communication products. In the 1960s, illuminance meter in widely used in battery, mercury from the consideration of environmental protection, now fully to withdraw from the market.
The nominal voltage nickel-based battery for 1.2 V or 1.25 V. Between them, in addition to the market preferences, doesn’t make any difference. Most of the commercial battery, the battery voltage for each section 1.2 V, Industrial battery, the battery, the battery and military aviation each battery voltage is still 1.25 V.
tandem
The portable power to high, usually by two or more batteries battery power of the connection. If the use of high voltage battery, conductor and the size of the switch can be done very small. Moderate price industrial power tools generally use voltage for 12V to amounts of V battery power, And advanced electric tools used for 36V of voltage 24V to battery to gain greater power. Automobile industry ultimately starter ignition battery voltage from 12V (actually is 14V) to 42V 36V, even. These cells are up by 18 series lead acid battery. In the early hybrid cars, used to supply voltage, 148V battery. Compare the new models used batteries, 450V voltage up to 500V, most of the battery is nickel base. A voltage 480V for the battery is nickel metal hydrogen by 400 section nickel metal hydrogen battery series. Some hybrid cars also in lead acid battery had done a test.
42 V battery expensive cars with, and compared with the 12V batteries, it will produce more arc switch. Using high voltage battery brings another problem is the batteries are likely to encounter a battery failure. It is like a chain of battery, together, appear this kind of circumstance of higher risk. If a battery has a problem, it will reduce the voltage. Finally, a section of the battery “disconnect” could interrupt current. And to replace “bad” battery is no easy task, for new and old battery is mutually match. Generally speaking, the new battery capacity than the old battery is much higher.
We look at an example in the third quarter of the battery, the battery only 0.6 V voltage, rather than the normal 1.2 V (figure 1). With the working voltage drop, it is faster than normal cells to discharge the critical point, at the same time, the end of its use time also has shortened. Once a device for low voltage power off and the rest in quarters, still can put the battery power to send out of the store. Then, in the third quarter of batteries are still, if still contain internal, then, will load the battery voltage output chain will drop dramatically. In one group, a quarter of serial battery of battery, like a blocking pipe plug, will produce the huge resistance, prevent current flow in the past. The third section battery will short-circuit, this will make the terminal voltage drops to 3.6 V, or that link disconnect the battery and cut off the electricity. A battery performance depends on the stack the worst performance of the battery.
parallel

In order to get more power, can put two or more a battery parallel. Besides the batteries in parallel, another option is to use the size bigger batteries. Due to the limit of the battery can be chosen, this method does not apply to all cases. In addition, large size batteries are not suitable for battery needs to make the appearance of specifications. Most of the chemical battery can be used in parallel, the most suitable for lithium ion batteries used in parallel. By four batteries in parallel to keep the battery voltage, current, and 1.2 V and running time is up to four times.
Compared with the battery, the battery in parallel in the series circuit, the high impedance or “open”, but the batteries battery, will reduce load capacity in parallel, and shorten the time of operation. This is just like an engine just launched three cylinders. The damage caused by a short circuit will be bigger, because, this is, in short, when malfunction of the battery will rapidly deplete power, the other battery and fire
parallel
Using this method, the series is flexible in design, can use the standard cell size needed to achieve the rated voltage and current (figure 3). Should notice: the total power of the battery will because of different connection method and change. Power equal voltage by current.

If you worry about very not easy to save money and buy a laptop computer in no time will be broken in quality or questions.
Do you know the notebook computer is usually long life?
Generally speaking, the brand notebook computers using life is in five to six years. But the specific to see the usage and maintenance of the use of the method.
How to make the notebook computer down to the lowest rate? How to make your laptop perserve honestly work for you? If you usually more attention in use process, often to notebook computers are some necessary maintenance and maintenance, and can easily bring immediate effect. Here we used in common in the process of notebook computer users need to pay more attention to the problems, we hope the brief summary of the experience can be of some help to you. Below we will from the beginning of the new airport laptop to note, use daily maintenance and prolong service life notebook computer maintenance skill from three aspects about.
A unit that, early
The new purchase notebook computer users should notice is the battery. In the beginning of new battery electrical properties and USES when use after a period of time, have great mainly embodied in the process of charging would appear premature end (phenomenon) and rushed off with electric power not finish after enduring. As everyone knows, these problems can be fully charged by multiple users/discharging improved to obtain the battery performance. Note that the new batteries can be directly used for charging though, but if the user in the beginning of improper use battery performance often reach the highest level. You just get in new machine, please don’t busy for the battery, as laptop computers in the factory for battery charging manufactured a fraction of electricity to function test, so you get laptop or certain soc, please turn on the power supply, notebook computer more, and then put clean electrical charge. It is normal practice for battery charging and discharging first for 3 times, can let the battery fully preheated, really potential performance. Here is the charge for users to battery full/net operating, remember, must be filled with clean, then put, put again clean, repeat 3 times. Then you can use to normal cells. Some notebook computer has set in BIOS have batteries calibration function, users can easily for laptop battery maintenance regularly to obtain the best working state battery (see chart 1). Now, congratulations you, you can work on the best notebook batteries battery status.
In addition, the new purchase notebook computer, the screen due to very weak, manufacturers often in screen stick a protective coating in order to achieve the goal, the protection screen protective coating before use is to uncover, because if you don’t jie will seriously affect the image display screen. In the process of jie requires the attention of everyone, some computer screen has a very tight, protective paste must be off at slower, along the screen of a horn, and progressive tear film. Don’t greatly too forcibly, too, lest damage screen, make its premature aging yellow. Here special remind of notebook computer users, the protective screen for off, had better not throw away for future maintenance useful in practice, we will be back.
But for some delicate user, you can consider to find some protective screen, like plastic welting of qualitative, torre posted in the attack position of wear easily, as with better care of your love. A similar design, we like Sony, Acer in some very notice to use notebook details can be seen above (see chart 2). But in actual use, we suggest you try not to bring a watch, hand catenary items to use notebook computer, because this is easy in casual wear, severe wrist to notebook computers, shed over scar.
Additional, choose a kind of high quality laptop bag is very necessary. After all, for most of the notebook computer, they are born to be brought to the proper notebook PC can give their closest natural protection. This point for new laptop users may be more should note that not all laptop bag are really appropriate original. General office with different, a real good notebook computer design BaoShouXian should have enough strength and protection of every layer, laptop computers of the safety and comfort of “love mew.” But too often due to general office package of space and soft frame design, can effectively isolate external backlog and collision. Secondly, it should have a reasonable accessories every inning, such as power should be designed in a notebook computer every side by side, in order to avoid accidentally scratch extrusion of notebook computer plug LCD (see chart 3). At the same time, the notebook PC should also have certain waterproof capability.
Second, the daily maintenance
Notebook computers as a portable portable computing equipment manufacturers, each big in the sturdiness and durability etc have done a lot of work, but another strong notebook computer, also due to the users in the use of negligence in the process of malfunction. So how can the user to avoid mistakes daily use is this section we discuss the main issues.
The screen saver
We said at a protective screen, the protective coating. We suggest you use your laptop at the time it will be labeled, of using notebook computer, so when off can effectively protect the chemical coating outer screen, make the outermost coating not prematurely oxidation. Users in the use of notebook computer process, must not easily by hand, according to/LCD screen or contact person, if you often does not pay attention to the word long LCD screen printing, such as white as rife with no go forever scar, we’ll regret. Xinji package will generally with a layer of cotton paper, you can also take this paper put notebook computer screen keyboard and screen and between, thereby reducing the nutrilite between cap. If you use the laptop computers, we also guide bar in your advice when carrying out long notebook computer will take advice lever cap, in order to avoid screen deposited separately by top injury (see figure 4).
Water is the “enemy” notebook computer, besides should avoid in computer drink, fruit, the addresser should not be stored in moisture, the machine will damage the moisture of serious LCD internal components. Special note that in summer and winter, and have heat or air conditioning room, large temperature difference can also lead to “the knot shows a phenomenon”, to give users may also cause energized LCD LCD electrode, cause permanent damage to corrosion. We also recommend environmental temperature change should not exceed 10 ° c / 10min. Once in place, if the screen is found in the boot screen surface has the mist before, with soft cloth to wipe gently to boot. If the water has entered the LCD LCD, should put a warm place, for example, under the lamp will evaporate moisture gradually. In the rainy season, we should also note regularly run time notebook computers, to dispel the moisture, heat components can best in laptop bag to put on a package for love, moistureproof machine to create a good home.
To screen for maintenance, besides attention afore-mentioned problems, still can use software or LCD, because life is still relatively short CRT, the aging faster speed, then we need to use more attention. As in power management interface set in computer response time automatically shut off the screen time interval, or you simply in a long time not nurturance conveniently when laptops closed screen habits, reduce unnecessary loss of screen. In addition, delay ageing LCD screen should also pay attention to avoid the long straight sun screen, try to use moderate brightness/contrast, reduce fixed pattern (avoid long-term shows partial aging excessive). Lastly, it is usually to often use special soft brush, glasses, wash ears ball wipe screen may, when necessary, use neutral detergent or a little water, clean surface besmirch. These tips are very good on the LCD panel.
Cd-rom drive and maintenance
As the main computer with mechanical motion mode of work, but also the most easily broken parts of its components, the protection should be more attention. First of all, we should pay attention to in the process of operation, the hard to avoid excessive mobile notebook computer, of course, more do not suddenly hit notebook computers. Although the notebook computer hard disk anti-seismic performance than desktop disk is much better, but after all, its principle and desktop disk is same, head arm in 4200r/min even higher speed on the plate floats, suddenly hit or even small vibration can cause serious consequences. As we all know, the result of a damaged disk brings loss is all the huge hardware damages, sometimes can be devastating, and therefore advise the laptop users, work hard at the time, such as file Copy process, try not to make notebook computer, so it can produce maximum protection to your hard disk, thus protecting your most important data. For the important data, we suggest you use regularly external storage (such as cd-writing, tape storage, external hard disk or a network share), to ensure external backup at key moments can keep important data.
Notebook computer desktop cd-rom drive structure than to dust and precision, and therefore is more sensitive to stain. In order to avoid the influence of dust, laptop computers, you should not drive out in the blanks, avoid often use inferior/dirty CD, reduce the long time continuous operation, necessary to drive can choose for its emulation software burden. Regular cleaning, clean with head of notebook computer drives the important means. Maintain The notebook computer is out on both sides with the guide, pallet loading disks, if the time too hard, more often also easy to aggravate guides and trays, clearance, wear out tray will smooth, even will not or cannot be popup. We also can pack disk in drive when torre with handle gently, to slow down the tray of guide.
Guide equipment maintenance
Since most laptops are bringing the touchpad or mouse rod instead of the mouse, but many users are accustomed to using this two ways to control the cursor on the screen, so as the laptop a frequently used parts, we still have the necessary to introduce this two kinds of input equipment routine maintenance techniques. The first said the touchpad maintenance. Actually very simple, general touch boards are divided into multi-layer, first floor is transparent layer, the second is tactility layer. Here is the first user need to be aware of the protective layer, main function is to strengthen the wearability of touch. Due to the surface of the finger pressing and often affected by friction, so the protective layer of an important role. Ten million attention don’t accidentally make hard things through the protective coating, the membrane just broke, the rest will soon fall off, then the protective losing touch, the wearability is very fragile, easy for a long time in the failure of friction. Of course, keep touch clean is necessary

On National Day, first released on the eve of the charge of wealth in 2009 champions and mainland runner-up, the most surprising is the founder of the title is byd, 43, he WangChuanFu with 350 billion yuan worth of ranked first. WangChuanFu from broker peasant boys to billionaire group company CEO, from 26 to national senior engineer, associate professor of global “batteries etc in automotive field,” then what is the richest be done business, wizards? WangChuanFu think: the most important thing is to have a good taste.
On February 15, 1966, WangChuanFu in anhui WuWeiXian an ordinary farmyard is born. After graduation from the university WangChuanFu graduates entering Beijing institute of nonferrous metal, then the 26-year-old WangChuanFu was promoted to be the abnormality, deputy director of the institute of nonferrous room 301, became the youngest place class staff. In 1993, non-ferrous institute was founded in shenzhen more battery Co., LTD, WangChuanFu was appointed general manager of this company. His political career is bright.
But that was WangChuanFu takes 2 million yuan to buy 3 – a giant “, and to the buyer. Wang realized the development of mobile phone of rechargeable batteries will demand grows. Discerning the original WangChuanFu enchanted where, made a bold decisions — from more battery Co., LTD, create. The average person is stupid, is too risky.
In 1995, shenzhen cold February WangChuanFu, to make the investment management LvXiangYang cousin borrowed money, 2.5 million registered and established the byd technology Co., LTD. Took more than 20 people the lotus pond in shenzhen in the workshop of the old setting sail. How to open? At that time, the Japanese rechargeable batteries, domestic manufacturers skillfulness bought many core assemble, less profit, up almost no competition. After careful consideration, WangChuanFu decision depends on its technical research, from the beginning, the highest levels of vision technology profits of the most lucrative rechargeable battery core components – core production. Facts have proved that WangChuanFu it can move is a deadly nociceptor, key.
Seek the way of rapid development WangChuanFu in an international battery industry trends, Japan found in native announced will no longer ni-cd battery, which will cause nickel cadmium battery production base of international big shift, WangChuanFu immediately realized this will create an unprecedented for China’s battery enterprises of a golden opportunity, decided to immediately involved in nickel cadmium battery production. In 1996, byd companies replace sanyo become Taiwan cordless phone manufacturers large battery suppliers. In 1997, they nickel cadmium battery sales rose to world ranking fourth place. At present, nearly 15% of the byd global market share become China’s largest mobile phone battery production enterprise. In nickel cadmium battery domain, the byd ranking first and second nimh batteries, ranked third lithium batteries. WangChuanFu became king “Chinese” battery.
A company is not difficult, difficult is a product production, difficult is how to be as little as possible of the evolution of large output, in the shortest amount of time and maximum progress, the largest profit, which requires vision. Many business failure is not a lack of funds, and lack of vision. WangChuanFu have the biggest capital, is the strategic vision.
In the market WangChuanFu in battery, like that of state-owned company general manager from the position of the sea, like crazy WangChuanFu and made a bold decisions, decided to enter the auto industry. WangChuanFu dream is to be a new energy vehicles leader. The idea is WangChuanFu, through the battery production areas of core technology advantage, build China and even the world no.1 brand electric cars. He said: “the future is the hybrid and electric vehicles, rather than gasoline vehicles.” Almost all people think that it is a “heat”. Because it was a corporation of China automobile industry into the tide, cobolli gigli LiShuFu etc are involved in this one, and WangChuanFu never visited automotive field, became the most underrated “catch” of tide.
WangChuanFu in 2002, a “fake” buying Chinese car companies, then change to the company the first “plug type plug (in) hybrid” production enterprise. In January 2004, shenzhen has 200 byd make lithium ion pure electric car rental operation, became the national investment vehicle demonstration, the first true exhaust zero emissions. Byd to launch the “proceedings F3DM” dual mode vehicle than GM (GM), which will also around two years earlier models. The fourth quarter of the year will launch a 100% “, and “E6 electric announced next comprehensive into the USA market. “Time” car battery can E6 driving 400 kilometers, technology leading Toyota, nissan than one to two years. Therefore, WangChuanFu also won the “king” of electric nickname. WangChuanFu real Chinese had great expectations for the words: “byd autos sold in 2015 become China’s first by 2025, became the world first.”
In 2008, hu run 100 rich list, WangChuanFu to 60 billion yuan in the first row is targeted at 22, this year, and soared to the first of buffett’s shares are closely linked. Buffett in 2008 September 18 million hk dollar buy-out byd 10% stake. Buffett’s investment attract the smell of new energy vehicles is byd. Buffett said more than once, he took the byd new energy vehicles, especially the vehicle development prospects. He says, can also have two different fields and car battery technology and make them very well together in the enterprise, it is very rare, everyone global energy crisis and let people and future prospect of electric vehicle. In 2009, warren buffett, buffett says shareholders WangChuanFu is “true star”. Therefore, the byd’s share price rose six times. So, WangChuanFu “accidental” and “miracle” to become the new song.
Hurun report said: “in the global automotive industry under the environment of decline in 2009, and China’s new in the automobile industry, the unexpected, also in surprise. WangChuanFu because with the science and technology, new energy and environmental protection and innovation of the trend, leading to a new pattern of the world automobile industry.”
Eye is the direction and speed, eye gaze is potential, is in the future. Bill Gates is the richest man in the world, as many people in exploring the mystery of his wealth. He summed up the land said: “my eyes.” WangChuanFu because eye, so only after 14 years, from ordinary became China’s richest gens going to work.
The businessman hu xueyan, have such a words: if you have a county, then you can make a county business, If you have a province, then you can make a province business, If you have the vision, so you can do the business. Vision is not wealth, but also represent the honor and the value of life, life brilliance and direction.

Laptop battery power to wait all light recharge?
In this era of lithium batteries, this idea is a misunderstanding. This principle applies only to the cadium battery before. For lithium batteries, use for a long time with test again no any role, even or harmful. Because the lithium battery doesn’t exist the so-called “cache effect”. Laptop battery life only commonly with artificial damage or natural life. Basically, the battery life is fixed, 3-6 times the number of discharge, for the average person, can use 2-4 years.
When the power is connected to pulling a battery?
Many laptop users have asked this question, then the answer is no, it needs to depend on practical usage. In the dc power supply connection without pulling on batteries battery and no damage, because the battery again after full electric power will not accept any power will inject, all the power supply directly to notebook. But when laptops overheating when running at high speed, internal or remove battery, otherwise the best is harmful.
Q: so how should correctly for laptop batteries?
A: should avoid until 0%, recharging the battery run out, because this will give great pressure and battery damage. A feasible way is in the remaining 20-30% power when charging.
From the experience of using mobile phone battery, many people may feel laptop battery recharging shall also be all light. But in fact notebook of lithium battery charge “, “light/number is limited, and all the light recharging will only greatly shorten the battery life.
At the same time, the battery should be in charge of the dry places, but also pay attention to the heat problem, this is the enemy of batteries.
Charging exothermic, zinc oxide arrester tester is a feature of lithium battery charging too fast, but sometimes also can appear fever, because the phenomenon of chemical reaction time and energy into chemical battery heating is when discharge into electrical energy by time, while it is being recharged by management system and safe commonly, but will be a problem when discharge.
Based on such principles, lithium battery discharge current shoulds not be too big, if current is too big, too long duration may make the chemical reaction temperature and heating, intense and fire.
In fact, now the publicity about lithium battery charging and discharging quick can quickly, the concept of relative zno arrester tester is such a fast, but if exceed the limit of lithium battery charging and discharging, the life danger may not be anywhere.